This
page contains reference documents for the
convenience of the designated PCMC
representatives of Member Organizations,
and
prospective members.
Questions should be directed to the PCMC Chairperson, Celia Bosworth
at
celiabos@gmail.com or (831) 375-5002
Statement of Purpose
To bring Monterey County organizations together
to promote
non-violent solutions to world crises and to understand
the causes and consequences of wars, and to promote
long-range policies
for a peaceful world.
To maintain public visibility through vigils, demonstrations,
advertisements, articles, letters, and media coverage.
To provide educational outreach by disseminating
information
to the community, individuals, and organizations.
To communicate our point of view to the President,
Congress,
United Nations, state and local representatives.
To conduct all actions in a non-violent manner.
_________________________________________
STANDING RULES
of the
PEACE COALITION OF MONTEREY COUNTY (PCMC)
Approved January 2005, Revised March 2007
The Peace
Coalition of Monterey County is a coalition
of diverse Monterey County community
organizations who share
a commitment to
peace and non-violent solutions to world
conflicts.
1. Purpose: To bring Monterey County
organizations and individuals dedicated to
peace together to promote non-violent
solutions to world conflicts and promote
long-range policies for a just and peaceful
world. Toward this end PCMC shall:
· Explore the social
and economic conditions that lead to
conflict or follow it
· Maintain public
visibility through vigils, demonstrations,
advertisements, articles, letters, and media
coverage
· Provide educational
outreach by disseminating information to the
community, individuals, and organizations
· Communicate our
point of view to the President, Congress,
United Nations, state and local
representatives
· Advocate for issues
and policy positions, not endorse nor
support candidates or parties. 1
· Conduct all actions in a non-violent manner
2. Membership: The membership shall
be composed of organizations that agree with
PCMC’s statement of purpose
and whose
mission statements are compatible with PCMC’s purpose. Each active member
organization may name a
representative and
alternates to serve on the Steering
Committee. Other individuals are encouraged
to participate in
PCMC committees and
events, however, there are no individual
members of PCMC.
An organization’s application for membership
in PCMC should be on the form provided by
the Steering Committee and
is subject to
approval by the Steering Committee.
There are three types of membership:
Active organizations, defined as having
· at least five members living in Monterey county
· a stated mission
· some structure for making decisions, such as a board, committee, officers, etc.
· at least two meetings or activities per year
· a designated
representative who makes a commitment to be
a regular participant in the meetings
of the Peace Coalition Steering Committee
1. Active organizations as in (1) above, but who choose not to send a representative to the Steering Committee.
2. Organizations that
currently do not meet the criteria in (1)
above, not entitled to representation on the
Steering
Committee.
Dues shall not be imposed on
member organizations, but each organization
shall be asked to donate $25 to $100 or
more
annually to help cover expenses of PCMC.
3. Steering Committee: A
Steering Committee composed of
representatives of active organizations,
representatives
of PCMC committees, and the
officers elected by the Steering Committee
shall be the decision-making and
policy-setting
body for PCMC. The Steering
Committee is responsible for developing and
implementing a program to fulfill the
purposes
of PCMC. The Steering Committee
shall determine its own meeting times, and
shall meet a minimum of four times a year.
The meetings shall be open to members of the
Steering Committee and their alternates and
to guests invited by any
member of the
Steering Committee.
A quorum for a Steering Committee
meeting shall be one third of the
currently designated members of
the Steering
Committee. 2
Representatives are responsible for bringing
their organization’s views on pertinent
issues to PCMC and to communicate
PCMC’s
activities and concerns to their
organizations. They are also expected to
participate in a collaborative manner
with
the Steering Committee’s decision-making
process.
If a PCMC Steering Committee representative
and alternate are absent for two consecutive
meetings, the Secretary will
notify the
Chair who may ask the organization either to
encourage more active attendance by their
representatives, to
name other
representatives who can attend meetings or
to vacate its seat on the Steering
Committee.
4. PCMC Committees: Many of the
public educational activities and outreach
events of the PCMC will be carried out
by
committees of volunteers. PCMC committees
are entitled to representation on the
Steering Committee provided they
are an
ongoing group (not a short-term committee),
have at least three members, meet or
communicate regularly and
report to the
Steering Committee.
PCMC committees may be designated and/or
organized by the Steering Committee as the
need arises. Short-term
PCMC committees
shall not be entitled to a representative on
the Steering Committee but shall be expected
to report
on their activities at Steering
Committee meetings when appropriate.
Committee chairs shall be appointed by
the
PCMC Chair.
5. Officers: Officers of PCMC
shall be a Chair, a Vice-Chair, Secretary
and Treasurer elected by the Steering
Committee. 3 These need not be members of
the Steering Committee before election, but
become full members,
counted in the quorum,
once elected. The term of office is one
year. Officers may be elected to succeeding
terms.
The Steering Committee may designate
other temporary officers as needed.
The Chair is expected to bring a spirit of
collaboration to the group and to be able to
facilitate meetings in the consensus
style
chosen by PCMC. The Chair shall facilitate
meetings, propose agendas, coordinate
activities between meetings,
appoint
committee chairs, and be the spokesperson
for PCMC, having the right to approve
communications put out in
the name of PCMC.
Any of these responsibilities may, from time
to time, be delegated to others. The Chair
serves to
carry out the policies of the
Steering Committee.
The Vice-Chair will assist and assume the
Chair’s responsibilities as needed.
The Secretary will take notes at the
meetings or “action minutes,” recording
briefly the time, date, place of the
meeting,
those in attendance, the issues
discussed, the decisions made, the names of
those taking on responsibilities, issues to
be carried forward to future meetings. 3 The
Secretary shall maintain PCMC’s records:
minutes, Standing Rules and
policies, a
roster of member organizations with contact
information, a roster of PCMC committees and
their assignments
and reports.
The Treasurer shall receive and deposit
funds in an appropriate PCMC account,
disperse money at the direction of
the
Steering Committee, keep records of
financial transactions and periodically
report PCMC’s financial status to the
Steering Committee. He/she shall advise the
Steering Committee on financial matters.
6. Nominations and Election of Officers: In
the fall of each year the Steering Committee
shall designate a Nominating
Committee to
nominate officers for the year beginning in
January.4 Member organizations and
committees shall be
invited to submit
suggestions to the Nominating Committee for
potential officers. The Steering Committee
shall elect
officers in the fall so as to
allow time for a transition.
7. Conduct of Steering Committee Meetings:
The intent is for PCMC to work in a
collaborative manner using consensus
as the
decision making model. The process is to
build on ideas and suggestions to reach
decisions that the group can
support or
accept. If the group process fails to lead
to a consensus decision, a straw vote may be
called by the Chair to
narrow options or
clarify group intentions. If consensus
still is not possible, the Chair may seek
approval to postpone
action or to drop the
matter. Lacking consensus on these options,
the Chair has the discretion to call for a
formal vote.
After restating the proposal,
a 2/3 vote of those present and voting shall
be required to prevail.
Only designated Steering Committee members
(or, in their absence, their alternates) may
vote. Guests may participate
discussions but
not in decision-making proceedings.
A paper briefly outlining the consensus
process will be provided to each new
Steering Committee member and alternate
and
will be made available at all meetings.5
8. Decisions Between Steering Committee
Meetings:
Administrative actions in support of
approved PCMC operations may be made by
appropriate officers or committees at
any
time.
(1.) Peace and Justice Emergency Situations9
a. The following values
or policies represent the general
orientation of the PCMC which could be
expressed
in responding to an emergency
without further decisions by the Steering
Committee:
i.
When significant violence breaks out,
especially across national borders, PCMC
believes the
killing and violence should
stop, through a ceasefire or other similar
action.
ii. PCMC renounces the concept of preemptive war.
iii. PCMC supports global peace through international law and protection of human rights.
iv. PCMC believes that US policy should support non-violent solutions to conflict.
b. International situations that could be considered a “peace and justice emergency” include:
i. Violent events that erupt quite suddenly, unexpected by PCMC.
ii. Involve
an invasion or bombing, or imminent invasion
or bombing, across national boundaries,
by a military power. This would not
include civil wars or conflicts between
small countries.
iii. The United States has great capacity to influence events.
iv. A prompt response is called for, and cannot wait until the next regularly scheduled meeting.
c. The PCMC Chair (or
Vice-Chair in the absence of the Chair) is
expected to contact the officers to
determine that a PCMC emergency situation
exists, and to determine an immediate course
of action,
which could include these
activities and others:
i. Call a special meeting of the PCMC Steering Committee or a community meeting.
ii. Organize a PCMC vigil.
iii. Organize a PCMC press conference.
iv. Make a PCMC statement to the press or media.
v. Communicate to federal legislators on behalf of PCMC.
vi. Create a special PCMC committee to deal with the issue.
vii. Put a statement on the PCMC web site.
viii. Collaborate with another PCMC organization that is already taking action on the issue.
d. Communications related to an emergency situation:
i. Put out an emergency notice to the PCMC e-mail list.
ii. PCMC
should not turn its e-mal list over to
another group for their communications, even
a member organization of PCMC,
and even if a lead group for an activity.
(2.) Other: Program,
policy, event and other substantive issues
that need action between Steering Committee
meetings shall be determined to be either
"minor" or "major". If at least three of the
officers agree an item is
"minor", then
appropriate action may be decided by the
officers as a group, and reported at the
next meeting of
the Steering Committee.
Other items shall be considered "major" and
if it is critical to make a decision before
the
next scheduled Steering Committee
meeting, the Chair shall call a special
meeting of the Steering Committee to
address
that seek consensus through a
telephone/email poll. 6
9. Community Meetings and Events: The
Steering Committee shall schedule meetings
and events open to the wider
peace
community. 7 These may be for outreach, for
networking, for education, or for providing
input. The PCMC Chair
may designate a
program chair or committee to plan these
events. Participants in a community meeting
may propose
activities, programs, or stances
for the Peace Coalition, which will be
passed on to the Steering Committee for
consideration. 7, 8
10. Participation: Participation in
all PCMC meetings and events is expected to
be
a) cooperative with consensus
building techniques and b) supportive of
PCMC purposes. Disagreements are expected,
and many discussions may challenge our
understandings and preferences. Diverse
group and individual interests will
require
active listening and rethinking. But the
intent is to avoid actions and words which
are accusatory, confrontational,
or
denigrating to others. The Chair will
ordinarily designate who has the floor, and
the floor must be ceded at the Chair's
request. Time limits may be set.
Disruptive behavior may be called by the
Chair, and the individual(s) may be
instructed
to leave the meeting. Similarly
at PCMC events, disruptive behavior or
actions contrary to the agreements or
purposes
of PCMC may be called by the event
leader and the individual(s) may be
instructed to leave the event.
11. Amendment: Any proposed changes to the
Standing Rules will be read at two
consecutive meetings of the Steering
Committee, with action to take place at the
second meeting. All members of the Steering
Committee, whether present or
not, shall be
given advance notice of the changes, in
writing, at least two weeks before the
meeting at which the action
will proceed.
NOTES to accompany PCMC’s Standing Rules.
We chose “Standing Rules” over “Bylaws”
because bylaws seemed more formal, and we
wanted to retain the informal
style that has
always prevailed in the Peace Coalition.
1 In the PURPOSE section
We substituted “world conflicts” for “world crises.”
We added -
· To advocate for issues and policy positions, not endorse nor support candidates or parties.
In so doing, we are abiding by the 501(c)(3) and (4)) restrictions of many PCMC member organizations.
2 STEERING COMMITTEE
One person may represent only
one organization. Alternates are not counted
in the quorum unless they are serving in
place of a regular representative. An
officer who is also a representative is only
counted once. In other words, if it
comes to a vote, each person on the Steering
Committee gets only one vote, and alternates
get no vote unless they
are replacing the
regular representative at that meeting.
We suggest a pattern of meeting every other
month, e.g. January, March, May, July,
September, November.
3 OFFICERS
Co-Chairs are not
recommended. In the event that Co-Chairs
become the choice of the Steering Committee,
one should
be designated presiding Co-Chair
and that designation could alternate over
time with proper notice to the members.
If the Chair position becomes vacant during
the year, the Vice-Chair will take over that
role only temporarily. The
Steering
Committee will fill the vacancy at its
earliest convenience.
Minutes should not be a narrative account of
what was said at the meeting. The minutes
should never reflect the
Secretary’s
opinion. (Robert’s Rules page 451). Minutes
should be sent to Chair and/or Steering
Committee soon after
each meeting so as to
facilitate following through on details
between meetings and preparing the agenda
for the
following meeting.
4 NOMINATIONS
It is recommended that the
Nominations Committee be appointed in
September so that the election of officers
can
take place in November, giving the new
officers time to prepare to assume their
duties in January.
5 CONDUCT OF STEERING COMMITTEE MEETINGS
For a more complete
description of consensus process, refer to
Brian Auvine, Michael Avery, Barbara
Streibel,
and Lonnie Weiss, A Handbook for
Consensus Decision Making: BUILDING UNITED
JUDGMENT, edited by
Center for Conflict
Resolution, A publication of the Fellowship
for Intentional Community, Route 1, Box 155,
Rutledge, MO 63563. 1981.
6 DECISIONS BETWEEN STEERING COMMITTEE
MEETINGS
It is anticipated that a
Policy Committee will be set up to discuss
the scope of issues to be addressed by PCMC
and policy positions for issues of special
concern to PCMC. These will take the form
of recommendations to the
Steering Committee
for their consideration. Once policies are
in place, the officers can take action on
them between
meetings. Making plans for
events that follow a traditional pattern of
PCMC might be considered “minor,” a new kind
of event might be “major,” signing on as
co-sponsor of a member-organization’s event
might be “minor.” Establishing
a new policy
position would ordinarily be “major.”
7 COMMUNITY MEETINGS AND EVENTS
Meetings may be designed to
be educational with speakers or movies or
discussion on topics related to the purpose
of PCMC. They may be town-hall or
brain-storming sessions to elicit opinions
about what course PCMC should be
taking or
advocating that the nation takes. They
should provide an opportunity for networking
and for bringing the
projects and ideas of
the member organizations to the wider group.
They may take the form of workshops on
non-violent
conflict resolution, social
movements, conducting meetings by consensus,
resisting military recruitment, whatever
seems
useful. The goal is to reach out to a
wider and wider public with peace
information and peace advocacy using
whatever
innovative strategies seem likely
to draw in different constituencies and also
to increase skills in peace advocacy for
all
participants. The meetings may also have a
social aspect so as to increase the sense of
community among those
working for peace.
8 Other Activities: Other activities
planned by the Steering Committee and its
designated officers and committees may
include, but are not limited to, poetry
readings, musical events, one-time or
on-going vigils, participation in large
demonstrations outside of Monterey County,
letter-writing campaigns, preparing and
raising money for display ads in
local
papers, cooperation with local media to have
appropriate stories and information carried
to a wider public,
co-sponsoring appropriate
events put on by other organizations,
pot-luck suppers fund-raising events,
communication
through PCMC’s email list and
on PCMC’s website.
9 Urgent Situations Outside Meeting
Schedule: (Revision developed in 2006 and
2007 New provisions to respond to
emergency situations demanding some response
or action by the PCMC, but the normal
meeting schedule is not
convenient for full
discussion or dialogue for action.
Submitted by the
Bylaws Committee:
Larry Levine, George Riley, Joyce
Vandevere
November 29, 2004, revised March 2007
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
CONSENSUS
Consensus is a way of group
decision making in which everyone’s
position is heard and taken into
consideration. The
collective thinking
engendered often brings better solutions
than proposals from one person. It does
not mean that
everyone thinks that the
decision is the best one possible.
The process begins with the statement of a problem or issue to be addressed by the group.
Discussion follows during which a proposal for a decision or course of action is put forward.
Proposal is amended and modified through more discussion, or withdrawn if that seems appropriate.
Differences need to be
clearly articulated. It is the
responsibility of those in disagreement or
doubt to put forth
alternate suggestions.
Essential that everyone has a right to
express him/herself and that everyone
listens
thoughtfully to others. Listen
for areas of agreement and build on them.
Try to find a creative synthesis of the
ideas put forward.
Test for consensus: When a
proposal seems well understood and no new
changes are being asked for, facilitator
can
ask if there are any objections or
reservations. If not, there can be a call
for consensus. “Do we have consensus
on….?”
If there are still no objections, then , after a moment of silence, you have your decision.
The Facilitator, or
another participant should repeat the
decision to the group so everyone is clear
on what has
been decided. (The decision
should be recorded in the minutes. The
preceding discussion need not be
recorded.)
The participants
-
listen carefully to others
-
think for themselves and take responsibility for voicing their opinions
-
ask questions to clarify anything not understood
-
speak succinctly so that everyone has time to speak
-
focus their objections on the issue without personal put-downs and participate in finding alternate solutions
-
follow directions of facilitator or suggest another way
-
accept being interrupted by facilitator
-
make helpful suggestions
-
help start and end on time
Dealing with disagreement
It is the responsibility of
the person who disagrees, or objects, to
suggest other solutions. If, after
serious efforts to
find a compromise, you
still cannot support the proposal you may
express you objections by
-
Non-support. “I do not see the need for this, but I will go along.”
-
Reservations. “I think this may be a mistake, but I will go along anyway.”
-
Standing aside. “I personally cannot go along with this, but I will not stop the group.”
-
Blocking. “I cannot support this. It is morally wrong. I cannot allow the group to support this.” Note that blocking
is a step that should be used only in serious situations that violate the moral values of the person or the principles
of the organization. Blocking consensus should only be done for principled reasons. -
Withdrawal from the group. If it is clear that your purposes are different from those of the group, you may wish to
withdraw.
If only a “lukewarm
consensus” is reached, a consensus in
which a number of people have
reservations, the group may
decide to lay
aside that decision. If no new consensus
is reached, the group stays with whatever
previous decision was
made on the subject.
Use disagreements and arguments to learn,
grow and change. Work hard to build unity
in the
group.
Specific roles to be
assigned in the process are Facilitator,
Vibes-Watcher, Recorder, Time-Keeper. All
participants
should be aware of the
issues, process, and feelings of the
group, and should share their individual
skills in helping
the group run smoothly
to reach a decision..
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This version is taken from Mary
Zepernick’s workshop and a handout made by
PCMC in 11/04 and from
The Women’s Encampment Handbook. Seneca
Army Depot, Romulus, NY. 5440 Rte 96,
Romulus, New York, NY 14541.
jv 4/3/06
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
HOW TO HAVE GOOD
MEETINGS
PLACE:
Have a consistent time & place with
clear directions for finding the
place. Let it be a physically
comfortable space.
Arrange seating in
circles or arcs rather than rows to
allow participants to interact
directly with each other. Different
formats are appropriate for different
meetings e.g. steering vs. general
program meetings.
TIME:
Start and end on time with clear
beginnings and endings.
VISIBLE
AGENDA:
Printed agenda for each participant or
large agenda in front of the group
(good for showing changes).
CLARITY ON
HOW THE GROUP OPERATES:
Everyone should have access to
by-laws, job responsibilities, how
decisions are made at meetings (e.g.
consensus),
how decisions are made in
between meetings, how members have
access to the process of decision
making, how &
when to have input into
agenda-making. At each meeting,
orient new members who don't know the
rules of the game!
THE
CHAIRPERSON HAS HELP:
Recorder writes decisions on large newsprint or board in front of
group. (Can be transcribed into
minutes.)
Timekeeper In a large meeting the timekeeper can be equipped
with stop sign to hold up when time is
up.
"Vibes Watcher" pays attention to dynamics of group, feelings. Is
everyone getting a chance to speak?
Is the meeting staying on course?
Quietly assists the chair as the
meeting progresses.
ELEMENTS OF A GOOD MEETING:
• Check-in.
This usually takes the form of each
person saying his/her name & a brief
personal statement.
The Chair may set this up by asking a
question.
The purpose is to help the
participants become aware of each
other as individuals.
• Facilitator gives shape & direction to meeting, maintains flow.
• Time allocations are followed.
• Open decision making. Clear cut goals.
• Proposals distinct from
announcements.
Separate items that are for
announcement only from items for
decision by the group from items to be
discussed
in order to establish a
general direction (to be given to a
committee for detail & brought back to
the group for
approval). Participants
should be asked to "do their homework"
and come prepared with specific
proposals,
well thought through.
• Accountability. Decide who will follow through on each decision.
• Review decisions.
• Closure is important.
• Evaluation. "Plusses and Wishes"
• Check-out.
Expression of feeling helps build
community.
Negative feelings can be expressed in
terms of "I need..."
This is NOT a real problem-solving
time.
KEYS TO GOOD AGENDA PLANNING:
Content.
Think ahead about what topics need to
be discussed & what decisions need to
be made. Check record
of decisions or
minutes from previous meeting for old
business that should be continued.
Let members know how
to communicate
their agenda items in advance.
Process.
Think ahead about how each topic or
decision could best be handled. Is a
report needed to start? What
action
or next step might be needed? Be
ready to make suggesions.
Time.
Think ahead about how long each item
might take. Estimate the minutes for
each part: report, proposal,
questions, discussion, decision, next
steps, etc. When you add it all up,
if it doesn't fit into the meeting
time, leave
something our or be
prepared to suggest what to postpone.
Write the
agenda on a large wall chart or on a
sheet of paper to be copied for
everyone at the meeting. Write your
proposed time allocation beside each
item.
Meetings
should start with the facilitator
welcoming everyone; sometimes people
will share news of personal events
or
other items of interest to the group,
and then the facilitator will post the
agenda chart or pass out copies of the
agenda and go over what is planned for
the meeting. He/she should ask if the
group wishes to make any changes,
and
make them right then, so that the
meeting can go ahead with everyone in
agreement about what will happen.
[Knowing that a time has been set
aside for their pet items will allow
participants to focus more fully &
listen more
attentively to the items
of others.]
A TYPICAL AGENDA:
Welcome. Short personal sharing
Review suggested agenda - group agrees to it or changes it
Assign recorder, timer, "vibes watcher" if not previously appointed
Minutes of last meeting - approval as read or with corrections
Short reports (treasurer, committees, others). Allow time for response or input.
Announcements that require only brief questions or discussions.
Old business---list the items
New business---list the items
Review decisions and assignments made (who will do what)
Announce the next meeting date and main agenda items
Evaluate
the meeting---what was good, what
could have gone better.
Announcements of other organization's
events may be kept until the end if
desired. Instead of classifying items
as
old & new business, they can be
listed in order of importance or
small, easy items can be put between
larger, more
complex ones for a change
of pace. Big items may need to be
broken into parts.
Having a
time estimate beside each item helps
everyone know when they need to be
brief. The facilitator and the
timer
should help the group stick to the
times allotted. If the group needs
more time on an issue, another part of
the
meeting must be shortened or
postponed or the group must agree for
the meeting to last longer.
KEYS TO GOOD FACILITATION (directing the meeting)
Decide who
will facilitate (lead, direct, or
preside over) the meeting, and then
let her or him do it. Meetings do not
happen well without someone leading
them.
The
facilitator must give good direction
to the meeting. Like a traffic cop,
he or she must say when to start and
when
to stop. The facilitator's job
is to help the group get through the
meeting and get done what it wants to
do in good time.
Members of
the group must participate in the
meeting and cooperate with the
facilitator's direction and with other
members of the group. If someone
wants something to happen differently,
she or he must say so and suggest a
change, but must be willing to go
along with what the rest of the group
wants.
A good facilitator:
• plans the agenda and times carefully.
• starts the meeting & ends the meeting on time
• directs the group through the agenda in a timely way.
• keeps everyone on the subject being discussed.
• encourages everyone to speak.
• DOES NOT TALK VERY MUCH!
• Interrupts long talkers.
• Stops side conversations that are distracting.
• Stops arguments or fights.
• Asks helpful questions.
• Summarizes discussion from time to time.
• Reminds people of the subject and purpose when needed.
• Helps the group reach decisions.
• STAYS OUT OF THE DISCUSSION!
A good participant:
• follows the facilitator's direction or suggests another way.
• listens carefully to others.
• thinks for herself or himself.
• says honestly what he or she thinks.
• asks questions when needed to understand better.
• speaks as briefly as possible so everyone can talk.
• accepts being interrupted by facilitator.
• makes helpful suggestions.
• helps start and end on time.
MAKING
DECISIONS AS A GROUP:
You haven't really made a decision
until you've answered
• What (exactly) did we decide to do? (concrete tasks)
• Why are we doing this? (relates to your purpose)
• How will we do it? How much will it cost? (time, money, energy)
• Who is responsible? Who is going to do the work?
• Where are we going to do it?
• When will it be started, completed? (times and dates)
• How will we evaluate it?
THE CONSENSUS MODEL OF DECISION-MAKING:
Consensus decision-making can be
especially important for those
issues where feelings are strong.
Individual
decisions are useful for
routine matters, and "majority
rules" are fine for unimportant,
quick decisions. It is possible
to
combine consensus and voting where
consensus is not always feasible,
but it is important to be clear from
the
beginning about what
decision-making process you will
use.
Consensus takes more time, but
groups using consensus usually make
better decisions. Consensus
building also
builds community.
Voting YES or NO on a heated issue
can be divisive to a group and the
losers may drop out.
Taking the
time to come to a solution that is
acceptable to all is a process that
brings more participation,
creativity,
cooperation and
commitment among the people
involved. Groups become stronger
when everyone "owns" the
decision.
A Simple Consensus Process
• STATE THE PROPOSAL (best if written out)
• GROUP ASKS CLARIFYING QUESTIONS. "Would this mean that...?"
• DISCUSSION. Draw out people's feelings, pros and cons
• INTEGRATE CHANGES, friendly amendments
• SUGGEST CREATIVE ALTERNATIVES if there are objections.
• Say IF THERE ARE NO (more) (major) OBJECTIONS...
• REPEAT FINAL PROPOSAL.
• MOMENT OF SILENCE
• TEST FOR CONSENSUS. Repeat the decision just made.
If tIf
there are no objections stated, but
you sense reservations, insist on
bringing up tensions within the
group, and
explore the issue
further. Obviously, if many people
are not supportive, it may not be a
viable decision (otherwise
known as
"lukewarm consensus" and about as
good as lukewarm beer or a lukewarm
bath).
If the
group is not "offically" using
consensus, use the above process
until the last step "test for
consensus," and then
substitute
whatever voting process you use.
Blocking Consensus
It is
the responsibility of the person who
objects to a proposal to suggest
alternative solutions, not of the
person who
already did his or her
best on the proposal offered. If,
after you have tried your best to
offer alternatives or modifications,
you still cannot support the
proposal, there are several ways to
express your objections.
• Non-support. "I don't see the need for this, but I'll go along."
• Reservations. "I think this may be a mistake, but I'll go along with it anyway."
• Standing Aside. "I personally can't go along with this, but I won't stop others from doing it."
• Blocking. "I can't support this nor allow the group to support this; it is immoral." If a decision
